4 CHEMICAL GROUP: A- DIM - Inhibitors of fat synthesis.
5 RELATED HERBICIDES:
Sethoxydim (Sertin), Clethodim (Select)
6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION:
A selective, translocated, post emergence herbicide for grass control in broadleaf crops.
7 APPLICATION METHODS AND TIPS:
Use 1% spray oil e.g. Hasten, D-C Trate, Kwickin, Uptake and Enhance recommended on label.
Best results on young actively growing plants in fine weather with rain a day or two later.
Manufacturer recommends water volumes of 50-150 L/ha with higher rates for dense infestations. A median droplet range of 200-300 microns VMD and density of 30/cm2 is also recommended by the manufacturer.
Water rates down to 25 L/ha are commonly used and are successful if the droplets are around 200 microns with a droplet density of 20-30/cm2.
Use prepared spray within 12 hours of mixing. It is anticipated that about half of the active would degrade after a week in the spray vat.
Rainfast in 1 hour.
10 WATER QUALITY:
Hard water
Colloids
pH
11 COMPATIBILITY:
Compatible with D-C Trate, Enhance, Hasten, Kwickin and Uptake adjuvants.
Use higher rates of Aramo when mixing with dimethoate.
Not compatible with Basagran.
Trace elements.
See HerbiGuide for compatibility with other pesticides.
14 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE:
Plants are likely to become resistant after multiple applications of group A herbicides.
Some populations of Annual Ryegrass that are resistant to group A Fop herbicides may still be susceptible to group A Dim herbicides like clethodim or tepraloxydim. Do a resistance test to determine the true susceptibility.
15 REPLANTING INTERVALS:
Crop
Time
None specified. Cereals and grasses may be affected for a few weeks after applications at high rates.
16 WITHHOLDING PERIODS:
Crop
Type
Time
All
Harvest
All
Grazing
17 RE-ENTRY PERIOD:
None required.
18 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
19 SOIL:
No particular effects apart from effects on stress levels of plants and nutritional status of plants.
20 MODE OF ACTION:
The chlorine substitution on the "Dim" structure provides increased activity at the cellular level.
Tepraloxydim binds to and inhibits the acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme which catalyses the production of fatty acids and phospholipids. The phospholipids are required for cell membranes and cell growth.
Tepraloxydim is broken down in plants to herbicidally inactive compounds. Tolerant plants usually have a greater ability to break down the herbicide quickly before it can have a detrimental effect on the plant.
Uptake and translocation:
Absorbed mainly through the leaves and translocated throughout the plant including the roots.
Plant growth stops within a few days of spraying.
Physiological effects:
Residual Life and Breakdown:
21 SELECTIVITY:
Good crop tolerance on legumes.
Canola
Occasionally some effects on Canola especially after bolting. Applications after the 8 leaf stage of canola may result in flower distortion but this has not led to yield reductions in trials. Later applications may reduce pod number. It has not produced 'cupping' of the leaves like butroxydim occasionally does.
Crop tolerance:
Varietal sensitivities:
Effect on Clover Species:
Effect on Medic Species:
Effect on Lucerne:
Effect on Native Plants:
22 DISEASE AND INSECT EFFECTS:
23 PLANT SYMPTOMS:
Young leaves turn yellow within a within 10 days of application and death of the leaf begins at the tip and progresses toward the base. Growing points turn brown and begin to rot. Leaf sheaths also turn brown and rot at the point of attachment near the stem node resulting in leaves being easily pulled from the plant as they break base of the sheath.
Older leaves may just turn grey brown and wither, similar to normal senescence, rather than showing the strong yellowing seen on young leaves.
SECONDARY EFFECTS:
24 TOXICITY:
Summary:
Low toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic species.
Moderately toxic if swallowed.
Details:
Poison schedule - S5
Mammalian toxicity - Low.
Acute oral LD50 - >2000 mg/kg (rats), [For comparison table salt is 3000 mg/kg]
Acute dermal LD50 - >4000 mg/kg (rat).
Skin - Irritating
Eye - Non irritating.
Vapour inhalation - LC50 - >5.4 mg/L air (rat).
Solvent can irritate mucous membranes and cause lung damage.
Chronic oral toxicity NOEL - ppm for two years.
Not carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic (i.e. does not cause cancer or reproductive problems).
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) -
Non cumulative.
Other Species -
Birds - Low toxicity. LD50 >2000 mg/kg body weight.
If on SKIN - Rinse with plenty of water, remove contaminated clothing, wash with soap and water.
If INHALED - Remove patient to fresh air. See a doctor.
Advice to doctor - Treat symptomatically. No specific antidote.
27 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:
It has a half life in soil and water of 1-9 days.
On the soil surface it also degrades by photo degradation.
It has an EPA classification for soil mobility that ranges from
Ground water contamination is unlikely due to low use rates and rapid degradation in the soil.
Accumulation in milk and tissues.
31 PROPERTIES:
Dark yellow clear liquid.
Water solubility at 25 C. - emulsifiable in all proportions.
Oil solubility -
Octanol:Water ratio at 25 C. - at pH 5;
Vapour Pressure at 25 C. -
Dissociation constant - pKa
Melting point - C.
Molecular weight - 341.82
Half life in water - days at pH5 and 35 C.
Density - 1.03 kg/L.
Non flammable. Autoignition 440 C
Dangerous Goods - NA
Hazchem - Nil
Packaging Group - NA
33 REFERENCES:
BASF (2003) Technical Manual and MSDS
Field Crop Herbicide Information:
CHEM NAME
2. Concentration of Active Constituent : Tepraloxydim 200g/L.
Trade Name : Aramo
3. Formulation : EC
4. Poison Schedule : S5
6. Product colour : Dark yellow clear liquid.
7. Product Flammability : Non flammable
8. Dangerous Goods Class : NA
9. Shelf Life : 2 years?
10. Mixtures Compatibility :
11. Registered Crop(s) :
12. Effect of Soil Texture on Herbicide : NA
13. Effect of Soil pH on Herbicide : NA
14. Effect of Soil Organic Matter on Herbicide : NA
15. Mode of Action : Dim ACC inhibitor
16. Application Timing : Post emergence.
17. Rate Variations : 175-300 mL/ha.
18. Rates Selection :
19. Weeds Controlled : Grasses
20. Effect on Crop :
21. Effect on Legume Species : None.
22. Soil Moisture at Application :
DRY - Relatively stress tolerant compared to Fops.
MOIST - Ideal.
WATERLOGGED - Reduced efficacy.
23. Frost Effects : Reduced efficacy.
24. Frost Free Days Required After Application : 2 days.
25. Effect of Application Water Quality on Herbicide :
Saline Water -
Soil Colloids -
26. Recommended Water Volume : 50-150 L/ha.
27. Nozzle Type : Flat fan.
28. Recommended Nozzle Pressure : 200-300 kPa
29. Recommended Filter Size : Mesh size as suitable for nozzle being used.
30. Recommended Wetter : Hasten and Kwickin or other spray oil.
31. Other Additives :
32. Rain Fastness : 1 hours.
33. Time Interval Before Effect is Noticed : 7-10 days.
34. Weed Symptoms : Yellowing of youngest leaves. Tip necrosis.
35. Effect of Herbicide/Disease Interaction on Crop : Reduced efficacy.
36. Withholding Period : 28-63 days.
37. Plant-Back Period : None specified.
38. Spray Tank Clean-Up : Spray Tank Clean-Up : Drain tank and flush with clean water for a minimum of 10 minutes. Fill the tank with clean water and add 300 mL of 4% Chlorine bleach per 100 L water then agitate for 15 minutes. Drain and repeat the chlorine flush the flush with clean water. Remove the nozzles and screens and clean separately and allow to soak in a mixture of 500 mL Chlorine bleach per 10 L water.
39. Other Comments :
Acknowledgments:
Collated by HerbiGuide. For more information see www.herbiguide.com.au or phone 08 98444064.