Beetroot

Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris or Beta vulgaris var. esculenta Salisb.

Order - Caryophyllales

Family - Chenopodiaceae

Names:

Beta is Latin for Beet.

Vulgaris

Beetroot

Other Names:

Sugar Beet.

Summary:

An annual or biennial vegetable with a swollen, underground leaf base used as a vegetable.

Description:

Cotyledons:

Two.

Leaves:

Alternate, Lower leaves heart shaped at the base and form an erect rosette.

Stipules -

Petiole - Long.

Blade - Crinkly, broad, succulent, dark green, smooth edged, light veins.

Stems:

Flower head:

Flowers in small clusters forming a long, loose spike.

Flowers:

Bisexual.

Ovary - Half inferior. Short style with 2-3 stigmas.

Sepals - Tubular, 5 lobed. Tube joined to the ovary and thickened and hardened when it surrounds the fruit.

Petals -

Stamens - 5

Anthers -

Fruit:

Seeds:

Horizontal, lens shaped.

Roots:

Stout taproot.

Key Characters:

Biology:

Life cycle:

Annual or biennial herb.

Physiology:

Reproduction:

By seed.

Flowering times:

Seed Biology and Germination:

Vegetative Propagules:

None.

Hybrids:

Allelopathy:

Population Dynamics and Dispersal:

Spread mainly by intentional planting.

Origin and History:

Europe. Western Asia. North Africa.

Introduced as a vegetable crop.

Distribution:

ACT, NSW, NT, SA. QLD, TAS, VIC, WA.

Habitats:

Climate:

Temperate. Mediterranean.

Soil:

Plant Associations:

Significance:

Beneficial:

Cooked vegetable.

Grown for alcohol production.

Fodder

Detrimental:

Toxicity:

May contain toxic levels of nitrate and oxalate. Poisoning usually occurs after peculiar weather, spraying with hormone herbicides such as 2,4-D or where large quantities are consumed.

Symptoms:

Nitrate toxicity.

Oxalate toxicity.

Legislation:

None.

Management and Control:

Thresholds:

Eradication strategies:

Herbicide resistance:

Biological Control:

Related plants:

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris)

Wild Beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) is probably the wild parent of Silverbeet, Beetroot and Sugar Beet.

Plants of similar appearance:

References:

Black, J.M. (1965). Flora of South Australia. (Government Printer, Adelaide, South Australia). P293. Diagram.

Everist, S.L. (1974). Poisonous Plants of Australia. (Angus and Robertson, Sydney). P141-142.

Lazarides, M. and Hince, B. (1993). CSIRO handbook of economic plants of Australia. (CSIRO, Melbourne). #171.3.

Acknowledgments:

Collated by HerbiGuide. Phone 08 98444064 or www.herbiguide.com.au for more information.