Bromoxynil plus pyrasulfotole

Bromoxynil plus pyrasulfotole

1 Trade name	Manufacturer	Form
VELOCITY SELECTIVE HERBICIDE	BAYER CROPSCIENCE PTY LTD	EC

2 PRICE:

$33.22

3 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Bromoxynil 210g/L + pyrasulfotole 37.5g/L

4 CHEMICAL GROUP: C,H

Nitrile and phenyl pyrazole ketone groups

5 RELATED HERBICIDES:

Group C herbicides.

Ametryn 500	Ametryn 500g/L
Atrazine 500 Flowable	Atrazine 500-600g/L
Atrazine 900 Granules	Atrazine 900g/kg
Atrazine plus Simazine	Atrazine 250g/L + simazine 250g/L
Basagran	Bentazone 480g/L
Betanal	Phenmedipham 157g/L
Bromacil 800	Bromacil 800g/kg
Bromoxynil 200	Bromoxynil 200g/L
Chloridazon	Chloridazon 650g/kg
Cyanazine 900	Cyanazine 900g/kg
Diuron 500 Flowable	Diuron 500g/L
Diuron 900 Wettable Granules	Diuron 900g/kg
Forest Mix	Atrazine 620g/kg + hexazinone 210 g/kg
Forest Mix Granules	Atrazine 150g/kg + hexazinone 50 g/kg
Gesagard 500 SC	Prometryn 500g/L
Graslan	Tebuthiuron 200g/kg
Ioxynil	Ioxynil 250g/L
Lexone plus Simazine	Metribuzin + simazine
Lexone plus Tribunil	Metribuzin 140g/kg + Methabenzthiazuron 560g/kg
Linuron 500	Linuron 500g/L or 500g/kg
Metribuzin 750	Metribuzin 750g/kg
Prometryn 900	Prometryn 900g/kg
Propanil	Propanil 360 g/L
Sencor 480	Metribuzin 480g/L
Simazine Flowable 500	Simazine 500g/L
Simazine Granules 900	Simazine 900g/kg
Terbacil 800	Terbacil 800g/kg
Terbuthylazine	Terbuthylazine 750 g/kg
Terbutryn 500	Terbutryn 500g/L
Tough	Pyridate 450g/L
Tribunil	Methabenzthiazuron 700g/kg
Velpar	Hexazinone 750g/kg

Group H herbicides.

Balance	Isoxaflutole 750 g/kg
Benzofenap 300	Benzofenap 300g/L

5 RELATED HERBICIDES:

Group C herbicides

Balance	Isoxaflutole 750 g/kg
Benzofenap 300	Benzofenap 300g/L

Group H herbicides

Balance	Isoxaflutole 750 g/kg
Benzofenap 300	Benzofenap 300g/L
Bromoxynil plus pyrasulfotole	Bromoxynil 210g/L + pyrasulfotole 37.5g/L
Precept	MCPA 125g/L + pyrasulfotole 25g/L+mefenpyr-diethyl

6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

A post emergent, contact and translocated herbicide for the control of broad leaved weeds in cereals. It is mainly absorbed through the foliage with a small amount of absorbed by roots

7 APPLICATION METHODS AND TIPS:

Best results on young actively growing plants in warm conditions with high light levels.
Use a spray oil such as Hasten at 1% unless companion products don't allow it.
Avoid spraying in the evening and at night.
Avoid application to crops physically damaged by insects, wind or hail.
Avoid application to crops that are not actively growing.
Requires good coverage. Avoid situations where weeds are overlapping or crop protects weeds.
No useful soil residual activity for weed control.

8 WEATHER:

Rainfast in 2 hours.
Frost effects: Relatively frost tolerant but can be variable. Label says do not apply to frost affected weeds.
Wind:
Inversions: Avoid application during low level inversions as excessive drift may occur.
Temperature: Better results in warm conditions.
Delta T and relative humidity: Avoid application when Delta T is greater than

9 ADJUVANTS:

Wetting agents: Use non-ionic surfactant only where companion product does not allow the use of spray oils. Some reduction in weed control from pyrasulfotole may occur.
Spray oils: Hasten is recommended on the label. Other spray oils are expected to be adequate.

10 WATER QUALITY:

Hard water:
Salty water:
Colloids:
pH:
Tank life: Tends to settle. Keep agitated and use as soon as possible.

11 COMPATIBILITY:

Trace elements.
Use of BS1000 may result in reduce weed control.
See HerbiGuide Compatibilities button.

12 EQUIPMENT:

Boom sprays:

Carrier volume: 50-150 L/ha. Use higher rates when medium or larger droplets are being used. Use >70 L/ha on dense or older infestations where weeds overlap.
Nozzles: 110⁰ flat fan.
Pressure: 150-400 kPa.
Droplet size: Medium droplet size distribution according to ASAE S572 is recommended to reduce drift damage to aquatic areas and native vegetation.
Don't use coarse droplets as poorer weed control may result. If drift is not relevant then finer droplets are preferred.
Keep mix agitated.

Aerial application:

Not recommended for aerial or mister application because of drift and coverage issues.

13 SPRAYER DECONTAMINATION:

Clean Up:
Clean soon after spraying to reduce the risk of forming dried deposits that may be difficult to remove. Mechanically removed any caked deposits.
Remove filters and clean separately. Rinse with soapy water (e.g. 500 mL or g of Drive, Dynamo, Omo or Surf per 100 L water) or water plus 0.25% wetting agent and run through boom. Rinse with water.
Decontamination:
Remove filters and clean then soak in 500 mL household ammonia in 10 L water for 30 minutes.
Rinse sprayer with soapy water (e.g. 500 mL or g of Drive, Dynamo, Omo or Surf per 100 L water) or water plus 0.25% wetting agent and run through boom. Rinse with soapy water or water plus 0.25% wetting agent. Rinse with water. Or use a commercial spray tank and equipment cleaner.
Rinse nozzles and filters in water and replace.

14 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE:

Tolerant plants are expected to occur and may dominate the weed population after repeated applications.

15 REPLANTING INTERVALS:

Crop	Time
Barley, Oats, Triticale, Wheat	3 weeks on alkaline soil
Canola, Chickpea, Cover, Faba Bean, Field Pea, Lucerne, Lentil, Vetch	9 Months on alkaline soil
Medics	21 months on alkaline soil
Maize, Sorghum	5 weeks
Mung Beans, Soybean, Sunflower	9 months
Cotton	>12 months

Intervals can often be less on acid soils. Plant a test strip.

16 WITHHOLDING PERIODS:

Crop	Type	Time
Crops	Grazing	5 weeks
Crops	Harvest	Not required

Data indicates 2-4 weeks is usually a sufficient withholding period.

17 RE-ENTRY PERIOD:

Wear protective clothing if in contact with the crop before the spray has dried.

18 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:

Overalls, boots and washable hat. Use gloves and face shield when handling the concentrate.

19 SOIL:

Soil texture: Little effect.
Soil pH: Avoid use on soils with a pH>8.5 until further research is done.
Soil organic matter:
Soil moisture at application: Best results when soil is moist. Reduced weed control and increased crop damage may occur where plants are stressed due to dry or waterlogged soil conditions.

20 MODE OF ACTION:

Uptake and translocation:

Absorbed through the foliage. There may be minor amounts of pyrasulfotole absorbed through the roots. The bromoxynil component is a contact herbicide and poorly translocated. Pyrasulfotole is translocated.

Physiological effects:

The toxicity of the formulation was indicative of a purely additive effect of the two active constituents.
Mefenpyr-diethyl is a crop safener.

Residual Life and Breakdown:

Little useful residual life for weed control, but pyrasulfotole may persist in high pH soils long enough to affect following broad-leaved crops.

21 SELECTIVITY:

Crop tolerance:

Some yellowing and cereal crop retardation may occur within 2-5 weeks of spraying but rarely result in yield loss.

Varietal sensitivities:

Effect on Clover Species:

Damages clovers

Effect on Medic Species:

Damages medics.

Effect on Lucerne:

Damages seedling lucerne.

Effect on Native Plants:

Little effect on established native plants. May damage broad leaved seedlings.

22 DISEASE AND INSECT EFFECTS:

Crop yellowing and retardation may be greater where crop is affected by root diseases such as Take-all, Rhizoctonia or Cereal Cyst Nematode.
Crop damage may occur where plants have been physically damaged by insects.

23 PLANT SYMPTOMS:

Reduced growth, stunting and bleaching.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:

24 TOXICITY:

Summary:

The product has low acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity. It is a slight skin irritant and eye irritant, but not a skin sensitiser.
Harmful if swallowed. Will irritate eyes and skin.

Details:

Poison schedule: S6 for product. Pyrasulfotole is S5.
Mammalian toxicity:
Acute oral: Low toxicity. LD50: 500 mg/kg (rat, product), [For comparison table salt is 3000 mg/kg]. May be harmful if swallowed. Small amounts of liquid aspirated into the respiratory system during ingestion or from vomiting may cause bronchopneumonia or pulmonary oedema.
Acute dermal: Low toxicity. LD50: >4000 mg/kg (rat, product).
Skin: Mild skin irritation (rabbit, product). Non-sensitising (guinea pig, product).
Frequent or prolonged contact with the hydrocarbon solvent in this product may defat and dry the skin, leading to discomfort and dermatitis.
Eye: Moderate eye irritation (rabbit).
Vapour inhalation: Low toxicity. LC50 >5 mg/L air (4 hour, rat, aerosol product). Inhalation of solvent vapour may be irritating to respiratory tract, may cause headaches and dizziness, could be anaesthetic, and may have other central nervous system effects.
Chronic oral toxicity: NOEL mg/kg for two years.
Pyrasulfotole was not mutagenic or teratogenic in animal studies (i.e. does not cause reproductive problems in animal tests). A possible carcinogenic effect is indicated at high doses in animal studies. The mechanism that triggers tumours in rodents is not relevant to humans.
Bromoxynil is classified by NOHSC as a Category 3 reproductive toxin.
Mefenpyr-diethyl shows no mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity or carcinogenicity in animal studies.
The solvent in the product contains small amounts of naphthalene, which is classified as a Category 3 carcinogen by NOHSC. Frequent or prolonged contact with the hydrocarbon solvent in this product may defat and dry the skin, leading to discomfort and dermatitis.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): Bromoxynil has an ADI of 0.003 mg/kg bw/day. Pyrasulfotole has an ADI of 0.01 mg/kg bw/day.
Pyrasulfotole LOEL = 200 mg/kg bw for systemic effects in an acute neurotoxicity study on rats. Bromoxynil NOEL = 0.3 mg/kg bw/d established in a chronic dog study.

Other Species:

Birds: Pyrasulfotole is practically non toxic.
LD50 > 2000 mg/kg ( bobwhite quail, pyrasulfotole).
Bromoxynil, bromoxynil heptanoate, and octanoate are moderately toxic to practically non-toxic to avian species on an acute oral basis and slightly toxic to avian species on a subacute dietary basis.
LD50 = 170 mg/kg (bobwhite quail, bromoxynil octanoate).
LD50 = 2350 mg/kg (Mallard duck, bromoxynil octanoate).
LD50 = 379 mg/kg (bobwhite quail, bromoxynil heptanoate).
LD50 = >2000 mg/kg (Japanese quail, mefenpyr-diethyl).
Fish: Pyrasulfotole is practically non toxic.
LC50 >100 mg/L (96 hour, rainbow trout, bluegill sunfish and sheepshead minnow, pyrasulfotole).
Bromoxynil octanoate and heptanoate are very highly toxic, but bromoxynil (phenol) is moderately toxic to freshwater fish. Reproductive effects were shown in long term studies.
LC50 = 0.06 mg/L (96 hour, bluegill sunfish, bromoxynil octanoate).
LC50 = 0.029 mg/L (96 hour, bluegill sunfish, bromoxynil heptanoate).
Mefenpyr-diethyl
LC50 = 4.2 mg/L (96 hour, rainbow trout, mefenpyr-diethyl).
LC50 = 2.4 mg/L (96 hour, carp, mefenpyr-diethyl).
Invertebrates: EC50 > 100 mg/L (48 hour, Daphnia magna, pyrasulfotole). Pyrasulfotole was moderately toxic to Mysid shrimp and practically non toxic to Daphnia.
Aquatic invertebrates were highly sensitive to bromoxynil octanoate and heptanoate but only showed slight effects after bromoxynil (phenol) exposure.
EC50 = 0.046 mg/L (48 hour, Daphnia magna, bromoxynil octanoate)
EC50 = 0.031 mg/L (48 hour, Daphnia magna, bromoxynil heptanoate)
EC50 = 53 mg/L (48 hour, Daphnia magna, mefenpyr-diethyl)
Bees: Non toxic. Bromoxynil is slightly toxic.
Arthropods: toxicity.
Earthworms: Non toxic.
Algae: EC50 = 29.8 mg/L (96 hour, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, pyrasulfotole). Moderately to slightly toxic.
EC50 = 1 mg/L (96 hour, Desmodesmus subspicatus, bromoxynil octanoate)
EC50 = 0.083 mg/L (120 hour, Selenastrum capricornutum, bromoxynil heptanoate)
EC50 = 5.8 mg/L (72 hour, Desmodesmus subspicatus, mefenpyr-diethyl)
Other species: Pyrasulfotole was non toxic to predatory mites but is slightly harmful to parasitic wasps. Pyrasulfotole is very highly toxic to duckweed.
Bromoxynil octanoate is very highly toxic to freshwater diatoms.
Bromoxynil octanoate showed adverse effects on the seedling emergence and vegetative vigour of some broad leaved species.
Accumulation:

25 TOXICITY SYMPTOMS:

Local skin and eye irritation.
Headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, other central nervous system effects, fatigue, thirst, high temperature, anxiety, hyperventilation, tachycardia and muscle rigidity, typical of malignant hyperthermia.
Frequent or prolonged contact with the hydrocarbon solvent in this product may defat and dry the skin, leading to discomfort and dermatitis.

26 FIRST AID:

If SWALLOWED: Wash out mouth with water. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give a glass of water to sip. Do NOT give anything by mouth to a semiconscious or unconscious patient. Place patient to prevent vomit entering lungs as this may cause bronchopneumonia. See a doctor if symptoms occur.
If in EYES: Hold eyelids open and wash eyes with plenty of water for 5 minutes, remove contact lenses if present and wash for a further 10 minutes. See a doctor if symptoms persist.
If on SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
If INHALED: Remove patient to fresh air. Seek medical advice immediately. Administer artificial respiration if breathing has stopped.
Advice to doctor:
Symptoms
Local: skin and eye irritation.
Systemic: headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, other central nervous system effects, fatigue, thirst, high temperature, anxiety, hyperventilation, tachycardia and muscle rigidity, typical of malignant hyperthermia.
Treatment
Local: Treat as above under First Aid Measures.
Systemic: As this product contains a hydrocarbon solvent, care should be taken to prevent pulmonary aspiration. Small amounts of liquid aspirated into the respiratory system during ingestion or from vomiting may cause bronchopneumonia or pulmonary oedema.If more than a mouthful has been ingested the following measures should be considered:
Monitor respiratory and cardiac functions and body temperature.
Keep airway clear, administer artificial respiration if necessary.
Gastric lavage with charcoal administration, and if necessary further treatment.
Keep at rest.
In case of hyperthermia physical cooling is advisable. In case of muscle rigidity, relaxants and mechanical ventilation may support in counteracting hyperthermia.
Against convulsions: give diazepam.
Contraindications: antipyretics.
Contact the Poisons Information Centre on 131126.

27 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:

Summary:
Pyrasulfotole is not readily biodegradable. Pyrasulfotole is expected to be persistent under certain conditions and mobile in the environment.
Bromoxynil is degraded in soil by hydrolysis and debromination to less toxic substances such as hydroxybenzoic acid. DT50 < 1 day (laboratory studies).
Mefenpyr-diethyl is completely mineralised in soil by hydrolysis, microbial and photolytic degradation processes; DT50 < 10days.

Half life in soil:
Half life in water: days at pH5 and 35 C.
Pyrasulfotole dissipation is slow in sediments. Under anaerobic conditions no significant degradation was observed.
Bromoxynil octanoate/heptanoate rapidly dissipates in the soil environment by abiotic hydrolysis, photolytic degradation, and microbially-mediated metabolism in both the aerobic and anaerobic environments.
It has an EPA classification for soil mobility that ranges from
Pyrasulfotole has is classified as mobile to low mobility in soil depending on pH.
The un-aged soil column leaching study indicates that bromoxynil octanoate is mobile in columns of sand, sandy loam, and loam soils.
It has a leaching index of . (for comparison, trifluralin is 0-1 and chlorsulfuron is 25-30).
Ground water contamination:
Accumulation in milk and tissues:
pH stability:
Photolysis rate:
Hydrolysis half life:
Biodegradation rate: Residues of up to 16% were found after 9 months.
Bioconcentration factor (BCF):
Bioaccumulation: Pyrasulfotole is unlikely due to the high water solubility and low LogPow.
Bromoxynil octanoate and bromoxynil are biodegradable in soil and water systems and bromoxynil octanoate is unlikely to persist in surface waters.

Pyrasulfotole is not readily biodegradable. Pyrasulfotole is expected to be persistent under certain conditions and mobile in the environment.
Bromoxynil is degraded in soil by hydrolysis and debromination to less toxic substances such as hydroxybenzoic acid. DT50 < 1 d (laboratory studies).
Mefenpyr-diethyl is completely mineralised in soil by hydrolysis, microbial and photolytic degradation processes; DT50 < 10d.

28 REGISTERED CROPS:

See HerbiGuide Species Solution tab.

29 REGISTERED WEEDS:

See HerbiGuide Species Solution tab.

30 REGULATION AND LEGAL:

UN number: 3082.
CAS numbers: Pyrasulfotole 365400-11-9. Bromoxynil octanoate 1689-99-2.
Bromoxynil heptanoate 56634-95-8. Mefenpyr-diethyl (crop safener) 35590-91-9.
Solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic 6472-94-5.
OPP Chemical Code:
Hazchem code: 3Z.
NOHSC classification: Hazardous
Land transport:
Dangerous goods class (ADG): Not classified as a dangerous good for packages less than 500 kg or 500 L. Otherwise an Environmentally Hazardous Substance regulations apply.
Sea transport:
Proper shipping name: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S (contains bromoxynil). Marine pollutant.
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG): Bromoxynil is a marine pollutant, class P.
Class: 9.
Packaging group: III
EPG:
Risk phrases:
R45 - May cause cancer.
R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.
Safety phrases:
Buffer zones:
Livestock and pasture: 180 m downwind.
Aquatic area and streams: 5 m downwind.
Sensitive crops, native vegetation, gardens: 40 m downwind.

31 PROPERTIES:

Colour: Clear amber liquid.
Odour: Aromatic solvent
Form: Liquid.
Chemical name:
Empirical formula:
IUPAC:
CAS: Pyrasulfotole 365400-11-9. Bromoxynil octanoate 1689-99-2.
Bromoxynil heptanoate 56634-95-8
Water solubility: Product emulsifies in water. mg/L at 25 C at pH
Oil solubility:
Octanol:Water ratio: Pyrasulfotole: LogPow = -1.362 at 23 °C (pH 7)
Bromoxynil octanoate: LogPow = 5.9 (pH 7)
Bromoxynil heptanoate: LogPow = 5.4 (pH 7)
Mefenpyr-diethyl: LogPow = 3.83 at 21 °C (pH 6.3)
Soil organic carbon absorption coefficient (Koc):
Vapour Pressure: 0.006 kPa (at 20 °C) (hydrocarbon solvent)
Vapour density: >1 (hydrocarbon solvent).
Dissociation constant: pKa
Melting point: <0⁰C.
Boiling point: 220 to 290⁰ C (boiling point range of solvent)
Molecular weight:
Bulk density:
Specific gravity: 1.142
Viscosity: 19.8 mPa.s at 25⁰C. CPS.
pH: 3.9 (10% solution).
Flammability: Combustible liquid. C1.
LEL: 0.6; UEL: 7.0 Vol. % in air (hydrocarbon solvent)
Flashpoint: 61 to 150⁰C. 91⁰C (Pensky-Martens Closed Cup)
Autoignition: 395⁰C.
Corrosivity:
Shelf Life: years.
(When Stored under Ideal Conditions)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions.

32 SPILLS:

Extinguish possible sources of ignition.
Absorb spill with earth, sand, clay or absorbent material such as vermiculite.
Wash with water plus alkali detergent such as Drive, Dynamo, Omo or Surf.
Ventilate area after cleanup.

33 FIRE:

Extinguish with water spray, foam, carbon dioxide or dry agent.
Toxic fumes may be released in fire. Wear breathing apparatus or avoid smoke.

34 COMMENTS:

35 REFERENCES:

Ashton, F.M. and Crafts, A.S. (1981) Mode of Action of Herbicides. (Wiley-Interscience publication).

Kearney, P.C. and Kaufman, D.D. (1976). Herbicides. Chemistry, degradation and mode of action. Vol 1 & 2.

Bayer (2009) Velocity label.

Bayer (2009) Velocity MSDS.

Acknowledgments:

Collated by HerbiGuide. For more information see www.herbiguide.com.au or phone 08 98444064.