A contact or ingested broad spectrum insecticide with relatively low toxicity to bees.
It can be applied as a seed treatment and provides protection from Red legged Earth Mite until germination.
As a bare earth treatment 500 mL/ha will provide at least 24 days protection from Red legged Earth Mite. 1 L/ha gives 28 days and 2 L/ha gives at least 33 days protection. Under dry conditions protection can last for up to 4 months.
It is quite stable to rain and up to 75 mm of rain after application has not significantly reduced its efficacy.
Red legged Earth Mite are killed within 24 hours of application.
Cultivation after spraying reduces it effectiveness. However, it is commonly used effectively as a tank mix with knockdown herbicides in minimum tillage cropping systems.
Treated areas, should not be grazed.
9. APPLICATION METHODS AND TIPS:
Ensure complete even coverage.
Early applications to prevent the build up of high populations of the pest are usually more effective.
Corrosive to iron.
Emulsifiable concentrate formulations should be stored where temperature is above -5c.
Apply in the evening to reduce risk to bees.
Not compatible with alkaline solutions, Bordeaux mixture, calcium arsenate, lime and zinc sulphate.
10. ADJUVANTS, WETTERS, OILS:
11. EQUIPMENT:
Ground - flat fan nozzles.
12. SPRAYER WASH OUT AND DECONTAMINATION:
13. WATER OR CARRIER DATA:
Ground - 50 L water/ha.
Aerial - 20 L water/ha. Increase to 40-50 L/ha when air temperature is more than 30 degrees C.
14. WEATHER:
Aerial - CP standard or straight stream or 65 degree flat fan nozzles with an orifice size > 10.
15. RAINFASTNESS:
variable
16. SOIL:
17. PLANT HEALTH and OTHER EFFECTS:
May injure some varieties of grapes (eg concord), Lima beans, Lucerne and birch.
Under greenhouse conditions it may damage geraniums and some varieties of chrysanthemums.
18. WITHHOLDING PERIODS:
19. PLANT BACK PERIODS or RECROPPING INTERVALS:
20. MODE OF ACTION:
Active by contact and ingestion for insects.
Acts on the insects nervous system.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
21. PESTICIDE RESISTANCE:
22. TOXICITY:
Poison schedule - S7
Summary:
Mammalian toxicity - Highly toxic.
Acute oral LD50 - 42-110 mg/kg
Acute dermal LD50 - 359-500 mg/kg
Vapour inhalation - absorbed through lungs. LD50 0.013-0.035 mg/L. May cause lung damage if swallowed.
Skin - Mild to not irritating. Not a skin sensitiser.
Eye - Moderate- mild irritant. Irritating to eyes.
Main exposure routes - Handling concentrate. Air blast application.
Chronic oral toxicity NOEL - ppm for two years.
Not mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic in animal studies (i.e. does not cause cancer or reproductive problems).
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) - 0.006 mg/kg/day for lifetime exposure.
No Observable Effect Level (NOEL) - 0.6 mg/kg/day.
Rentry Period - After spray has dried.
23. TOXICITY SYMPTOMS:
Initial symptoms include headache, nausea, lack of appetite and fatigue during exposure or several hours later. Dizziness, vomiting, stomach pains, contracted pupils, muscle weakness, twitching, tremor, slow heart beat, blurred vision, drowsiness, anaesthesia and sweating may occur with higher exposure levels.
Continual low level exposure may cause influenza like symptoms.
Repeated contact with skin may cause dryness or cracking and dermatitis.
Endosulfan is a central nervous system stimulant. The liver and the kidney
are the other organs significantly affected by endosulfan.
Poisoning by the endosulfan and other cyclodiene insecticides is more likely
to begin with the sudden onset of convulsions preceeded by vomiting.
Seizures caused by cyclodienes may appear as long as 48 hours after
exposure, and then may recur periodically over several days following the
initial episode. Tonic-clonic convulsions usually are accompanied by
confusion, incoordination, excitability, or, in some instances, coma and
hypotension. Respiratory failure may also occur.
A few deaths, both deliberate and accidental have been recorded due to
endosulfan. In cases of serious poisoning the symptoms commenced with
malaise, vomiting, weakness or confusion, followed by convulsions at a
later stage and then loss of consciousness. For survivors, recovery has
occurred over a few days.
24. FIRST AID:
Contact a doctor or poison information centre on 008 119 244.
If SWALLOWED - Do not induce vomiting. If large amounts ingested, give atropine (0.6mg) tablets every quarter hour then every half hour until signs of flushed face, dilated pupils, dry mouth and fast pulse appear. Medical attention must be sought after taking atropine. Don't give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If in EYES - Irrigate for 15 minutes with plenty of water. Contact a doctor.
If on SKIN - Rinse with plenty of water, remove contaminated clothing, wash with soap and water. Contact a doctor.
If INHALED - Remove patient to fresh air. If breathing has stopped apply resuscitation. Oxygen may be given. Contact a doctor.
Poisoning usually occurs through skin absorption. Effects are cumulative and dangerous levels may develop before symptoms become noticeable. If you are exposed to organophosphate for more than 30 hours per month then levels of acetylcholinesterase enzyme should be regularly checked. If levels drop below 60% of normal then work with organophosphates should stop until levels improve. This may take several weeks.
Advice to doctor - Treat symptomatically. Onset of symptoms may be delayed for up to 48 hours. Aim treatment at controlling convulsions, coma and respiratory depression. If vomitting has occurred watch for pulmonary pneumonitis caused by solvent.
25. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
26 RE ENTRY PERIODS and OTHER SAFETY ISSUES:
2 days.
27. PROPERTIES:
Product appearance - Clear brown liquid
Odour - Characteristic odour.
Shelf Life -
Product Flammability - Combustible. May emit toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride if burnt. Flashpoint = 69 degrees C
Half life in water - days at pH5 and 35 C.
Water solubility at 25 C. - Forms an emulsion in water.
Oil solubility -
Octanol:Water ratio at 25 C. - Kow Log P = 4.75.
Vapour Pressure at 25 C. - 1.33 mPa. Volatile content 60%.
Dissociation constant - pKa.
Melting point - < 0 degrees C.
Boiling point - > 180 degrees C.
Molecular weight -
Density -
Specific gravity - 1.082
28. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:
Summary - Highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms.