Paraquat 250

Paraquat 250

1 Trade name	Manufacturer	Form
4FARMERS PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	4 FARMERS PTY LTD	SL
ALLIANCE HERBICIDE PARAQUAT 250SL	AGRO-ALLIANCE (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD	SL
BIOTIS PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	BIOTIS LIFE SCIENCE PTY LTD	SL
CHEMFORCE PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	CHEMFORCE 2010 PTY LTD	SL
CHOICE PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	GROW CHOICE PTY LIMITED	SL
CONQUEST EXPLODE 250 HERBICIDE	CONQUEST CROP PROTECTION PTY LTD	SL
COUNTRY PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	ACCENSI PTY LTD	SC
FARMALINX PARQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	FARMALINX PTY LTD	EC
FARMCOCHEM PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	FARMCOCHEM SDN BHD	SL
FARMOZ SPRAYTOP 250 SL HERBICIDE	FARMOZ PTY LIMITED	SL
FARMOZ SPRAYTOP HERBICIDE	FARMOZ PTY LIMITED	SL
FORWARD PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	FORWARD AUSTRALIA PTY LTD	SC
GENFARM PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	LANDMARK OPERATIONS LIMITED	SL
GRAMOXONE 250 HERBICIDE	SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION PTY LIMITED	SL
HALLEY PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	HALLEY INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD	AC
IMTRADE PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	IMTRADE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD	AC
INFERNO HERBICIDE	SIPCAM PACIFIC AUSTRALIA PTY LTD	SC
KENDON SPRAYQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	KENDON CHEMICALS & MNFG CO PTY LTD	LD
KENSO AGCARE PARA-KEN 250 HERBICIDE	KENSO CORPORATION (M) SDN. BHD.	SL
KENSO AGCARE PARA-KEN 334 HERBICIDE	KENSO CORPORATION (M) SDN. BHD.	SL
NUFARM NUQUAT 250 NON-RESIDUAL KNOCKDOWN HERBICIDE	NUFARM AUSTRALIA LIMITED	SL
OSPRAY PARAQUAT 250 SL HERBICIDE	OSPRAY PTY LTD	SL
OZCROP PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	CMS TRADE PTY LTD	AC
PROTERRA PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	PROTERRA PTY LTD	SC
QUASH 250 HERBICIDE	HEXTAR CHEMICALS PTY LTD	SL
RC PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	RURALCHEM PTY LTD	SL
RYGEL PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	RYGEL AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD.	SC
SANONDA HERBICIDE PARAQUAT 250SL	SANONDA (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD	SL
SHIRQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	CROP CARE AUSTRALASIA PTY LTD	SL
SINMOSA 250 HERBICIDE	SINON AUSTRALIA PTY LIMITED	SL
SPECTRA PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	SPECTRA PACIFIC (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD	SL
TITAN PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	TITAN AG PTY LTD	SL
TRIO PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	5 HEADS PTY LTD T/A TRIO MANUFACTURING	SL
UNIQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	UNITED PHOSPHORUS LTD.	EC
UNITED FARMERS PARAQUAT 250 HERBICIDE	RAVENSDOWN FERTILISER CO-OPERATIVE LIMITED	SL

Rates quoted in HerbiGuide are for the 250 g paraquat/L formulation. Some formulations are 200 g paraquat/L. For these products multiply the rate by 1.25 (i.e. increase the rate by 25%). For example 1000 mL of paraquat 250 is equivalent to 1250 mL of paraquat 200.

2 PRICE:

$3.96

3 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Paraquat 200-250 g/L.

4 CHEMICAL GROUP: L.

5 RELATED HERBICIDES:

Diquat, Spray.Seed.

6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

A post emergence, non selective, contact herbicide.

7 APPLICATION METHODS AND TIPS:

Best results when applied in low light conditions such as late afternoon, night or on cloudy days.
Ensure good coverage as paraquat is poorly translocated.
Weeds should be free from dust on leaves as paraquat is deactivated on contact with clay.
Leaves of weeds should not be wet from rain or heavy dew as spraying may cause water to unload from the leaves taking the herbicide with it. Delay spraying until leaves dried somewhat.
Do not work in spray mist. Do not continue to use if skin irritation or nose bleed occurs.

8 WEATHER:

Rainfast in 30 minutes. Light rain following application doesn't normally affect results.
Frost effects: If plant growth is reduced or plants are damaged then higher rates are required. Frost an hour or more after application has little effect on efficacy.
Wind:
Inversions: Avoid spraying during low level inversions as excessive drift may occur and cause significant spotting on downwind plants.
Temperature:
Delta T and relative humidity: Avoid application when Delta T is greater than
Soil moisture at application: Best results when soil is moist. Rate required for good control increases as plants become water stressed ¹³⁰⁰.

9 ADJUVANTS:

Wetting agents: A wetting agent usually helps retention of the spray on the leaf.
When product rates fall below 500 ml/100 L spray, add 250 mL Agral 600 or 100 mL BS 1000 or similar non-ionid wetting agent per 100 L spray mix. Do not use alkaline or anionic wetting agents.
Spray oils: Can be used if companion herbicide o pesticide requires them.

10 WATER QUALITY:

Hard water - There may be a slight loss of activity due to ionic bonding in very hard water.
Salinity has little effect on performance.
Colloids - Significant loss of activity as the amount of clay in the water increases. If it is difficult to see a coin on the bottom of a 10 litre bucket full of water then the water should be cleared or an alternate source found.
pH -Acidic water is usually OK. Highly alkaline water may cause loss of efficacy.
Tank life:

11 COMPATIBILITY:

Most translocated herbicides are not compatible with paraquat because it rapidly dessicates the leaves of most plants which prevents movement of the companion herbicide away from the site of application. Low rates can be used in combination with some herbicides like MCPA for some species. Paraquat often leaves enough green foliage on legume species such as clovers to allow herbicides like dicamba and metsulfuron to be effectively tank mixed for improved control of these species.
Trace elements.
Zinc sulphate and copper sulphate are antagonistic with paraquat. This is caused by ionic reactions and results in a significant loss of efficacy. Manganese sulphate and calcium carbonate (lime) have lesser effects.

12 EQUIPMENT:

Not registered for aerial application mainly because of the toxicity of fine droplets.

Boom sprays:

Carrier volume: 50-500 L/ha water. Generally 100 L/ha or more is required to give good results on small grasses or on dense swards.
Nozzles: 110 degree flat fan nozzles with double overlap are adequate. Use higher water rates if using air induction nozzles or large droplet sizes.
Recommended Filter Sizes: 50-100 mesh.
Pressure: 150-400 kPa.

13 SPRAYER DECONTAMINATION:

Clean Up:
Remove filters and clean separately. Triple rinse with water or water plus 0.25% wetting agent and run through boom.
This product is corrosive to metals, particularly galvanised iron and aluminium and should not be left for long periods in tanks or equipment made of these materials.
Decontamination:
Remove filters and clean separately.
Rinse with water and drain.
Quarter fill the tank with an alkali detergent (eg 500 mL or g of Drive, Dynamo, Omo, or Surf per 100 L water) and circulate for at least 15 minutes then run through boom. Rinse twice with water.

14 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE:

Tolerant plants are expected to occur and may dominate the weed population after repeated applications.
Populations of Barley Grass and Silver Grass (Vulpia species) have become resistant to paraquat in Australia and resistance has been reported in Annual Ryegrass and Annual Poa elsewhere in the world.

15 REPLANTING INTERVALS:

Crop	Time
All	None required.

16 WITHHOLDING PERIODS:

Crop	Type	Time
All	Grazing	1 day (7 days for horses). Remove stock from treated areas 3 days before slaughter
Bean: Faba	Harvest	14 days
Chickpeas	Harvest	14 days
Lentils	Harvest	14 days
Lupins	Harvest	14 days
Pea; Field	Harvest	14 days
Other crops	Harvest	Not required when used as directed

17 RE-ENTRY PERIOD:

Wear waterproof protective clothing if in contact with the crop before the spray has dried. Dust from processing recently sprayed plants may also need controlling.

18 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:

Wear goggles or eye protection as concentrate may damage eyes.
Where gloves when handling the concentrate and wash hands immediately if contaminated because it tends to remove finger nails.
Avoid breathing the spray mist because it is toxic and may cause nose bleeds.
If exposure to vapour, spray or dusts from dried product is expected, wear a high efficiency particulate respirator (AS1716) covering nose and mouth.
When opening the container, preparing spray and using the prepared spray wear cotton overalls buttoned to the neck and wrist and a washable hat, elbow-length PVC gloves and goggles.
Nose bleeds are an indication of exposure. Review and change operations or protection if this occurs. Some people are very sensitive to the concentrate and should avoid handling it or take extra precautions to reduce exposure.

19 SOIL:

No specific effects of texture, pH or organic matter.

20 MODE OF ACTION:

Contact, post emergent.

Uptake and translocation:

Not significantly translocated because in the presence of sunlight it quickly destroys conductinf tissue. At night it may passively move through the plant.

Physiological effects:

Oxidises cell walls and quickly dessicates the plant tissue.

Residual Life and Breakdown:

Dissipates very quickly by attaching irreversibly with clay in the soil and water.

Selectivity:

Relatively non selective. Legumes may tolerate low doses.

21 SELECTIVITY:

Crop tolerance:

Few growing crops are tolerant. It may be used as a dessicant or harvest aid.

Varietal sensitivities:

Effect on Clover Species:

Burns the leaves of clovers but they may recover from low rates. It can be used for pasture manipulation.

Effect on Medic Species:

Burns the leaves of medics but they may recover form low rates.

Effect on Lucerne:

Seedling lucerne is severely damaged. Established lucerne in relatively tolerant. It burns the leaves of the plant but it usually recovers quickly.

Effect on Native Plants:

Burns the leaves off most native plants. Established perennials usually recover and youn annuals or seedlings usually die.

22 DISEASE AND INSECT EFFECTS:

Not normally a problem.

23 PLANT SYMPTOMS:

Rapid dessication of plant tissue. Symptoms can often be seen within a few hours of application and usually within 1-3 days of spraying. Dead spots are often seen on adjacent plants the have received individual spray droplets as drift.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:

In some tuberous species, the regrowth may be yellow.

24 TOXICITY:

Summary:

Hazardous substance.

Details:

Poison schedule: S7. Dangerous poison.
Mammalian toxicity:
Acute oral LD50: 129-157 mg/kg for paraquat dichloride (rat). 30-58 mg/kg (guinea pig) [For comparison table salt is 3000 mg/kg]
TREATMENT OF PARAQUAT POISONING MUST COMMENCE AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE.
Rapid treatment is essential. The immediate effects of poisoning depend on the dose of paraquat absorbed into the blood. Mild poisoning occurs at <20 mg paraquat ion/kg body weight and the effects are vomiting and diarrhoea.
Moderate to severe poisoning occurs at 20-30 mg paraquat ion/kg body weight and the effects are vomiting, abdominal discomfort, soreness and inflammation of the mouth, throat and oesophagus, difficulty in swallowing and, later, diarrhoea. Kidney and liver damage may appear 1-3 days after exposure. Can cause death by a delayed proliferating fibrosis of the lung within 1-3 weeks.
Lethal poisoning occurs at >30 mg paraquat ion/kg body weight and the effects are nausea and vomiting, and can cause death by multi-organ failure and
circulatory collapse within 48 hours.
Acute dermal LD50: 911 mg/kg for paraquat dichloride (rat). 240 mg/kg for paraquat ion (rabbit). May cause temporary damage to nails and a delay in the healing of cuts and wounds.
Skin: Irritant. Sensitizer. Contamination of the nails may cause white spots or in severe cases cracking and loss of the nail. Normal growth follows without delay. Intact skin is a very effective barrier to paraquat. Damaged skin removes the barrier and paraquat may be absorbed with effects as outlined above under ingestion.
Eye: Irritant. Irritation may be delayed. May lead to ulceration of corneal and conjunctival epithelium giving rise to secondary infection. Although healing may be slow, the injury is superficial and with proper medical care will be complete, even in severe cases.
Vapour inhalation: LC50 = 0.5-1.5 ìg/L for paraquat dichloride mg/L air (rat, 4hr).
Highly toxic if inhaled. However, unlikely to be hazardous by inhalation because of low vapour pressure of the material at ambient temperature. Nose bleeding and soreness of the throat may result from spray mist or dust trapped on the nasal mucosa. Irritating to the respiratory system. Pulmonary oedema may occur up to 48 hours after exposure and could prove fatal.
If the concentrate is allowed to dry out, solid paraquat dust can be created. Paraquat dust is highly toxic (TLV 0.1mg/m3) and should not be handled without full respiratory protection.
This product contains a stenching agent to give an offensive smell. This has been done to reduce the likelihood of accidental ingestion. This stanching agent may cause headaches and nausea in some people when inhaled. The presence of this offensive smell in the air does not necessarily indicate the presence of paraquat.
Chronic oral toxicity: NOEL mg/kg for two years.
Not carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic in animal studies (i.e. does not cause cancer or reproductive problems in animal tests).
NOEL = 0.45 mg/kg/day.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): 0.004 mg/kg/day (human).

Other Species:

Birds: Low toxicity. LD50 for mallard duck = 199 mg/kg for paraquat dichloride.
LD50 for bobwhite quail = 175 mg/kg for paraquat dichloride.
Fish: Low toxicity. LC50 (96 hr) for brown trout = 2.5-13 mg/L for paraquat dichloride. LC50 (96 hr) for mirror carp = 135 mg/L
Invertebrates: Moderate toxicity. EC50 (48 hr) for daphnia = 6.1 mg/L for paraquat dichloride. LC50 (96 hr) for Crawfish = 1.4 mg/L.
Bees: Not toxic to bees. LD50 36 ìg/bee.
Arthropods: toxicity.
Earthworms:
Algae: High toxicity.
Accumulation:

25 TOXICITY SYMPTOMS:

Low doses may cause skin irritation, nose bleeds, loss of fingernails or toenails.
Moderate doses may cause vomiting and diarrhoea.
Higher doses may cause pulmonary oedema which may occur up to 48 hours after exposure and could prove fatal. Also abdominal discomfort, soreness and inflammation of the mouth, throat and oesophagus, difficulty in swallowing and, later, diarrhoea. Kidney and liver damage may appear 1-3 days after exposure. Death can be caused by a delayed proliferating fibrosis of the lung within 1-3 weeks.

26 FIRST AID:

OBTAIN IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.
SPEED IS ESSENTIAL.
If SWALLOWED:
RAPID TREATMENT IS ESSENTIAL IN CASE OF PARAQUAT POISONING.
If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting; seek medical advice immediately and show the container or label or contact the Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26 (Australia). Make every effort to prevent vomit from entering the lungs by careful placement of the patient.
The above first aid instructions are mandated by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care via the National Drugs and Poisons Schedule. These instructions are suitable for ingestion of spray solution and small amounts of concentrate; however, if SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS of the concentrate have been swallowed (more than about 5mL) AND if medical assistance is more than 30 minutes away, the induction of vomiting should be CONSIDERED, preferably based on MEDICAL ADVICE if a physician can be contacted by phone. All care must be taken to prevent vomit from being inhaled. Do not give anything by mouth to a semi-conscious or unconscious person.
Immediately transfer patient to nearest hospital or medical centre, warning by telephone of the estimated time of arrival so that the start of treatment is not delayed.
If in EYES: Hold eyelids open and wash with copious amounts of water for at
least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present after 5 minutes of eye wash and continue to wash eyes for at least 10 minutes.
Seek medical advice immediately.
If on SKIN: Contact of the concentrate with abraded skin or skin with cuts must be avoided.
Wash affected areas thoroughly with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and launder before re-use.
Seek medical advice, but only after the exposed skin has been thoroughly washed.
If INHALED: Remove patient from exposure, keep warm and at rest.
Obtain medical attention urgently. Do not use supplemental oxygen.
Advice to doctor: Rapid treatment for Paraquat poisoning is essential.
Evacuation of the stomach and stomach washout should be carried out as quickly as possible.
A booklet entitled 'Paraquat Poisoning, a practical guide to diagnosis, first aid and hospital treatment' (prepared by Syngenta) or 'The Treatment of Paraquat Poisoning: a guide for doctors' (prepared by ORICA Australia) is available at major hospitals or Poisons Information Centres, or contact the emergency number at the end of this MSDS.
TREATMENT: Wash out stomach and test urine and gastric aspirate (if clear) for presence of paraquat. Give up to 1 litre of 15% aqueous suspension of Fuller's Earth orally or via gastric tube, together with a suitable purgative (200ml of an aqueous solution of mannitol). A 7% suspension of bentonite in 10% glycerol in water should be used if Fuller's Earth is unavailable. Repeat administration of absorbent plus purgative until absorbent is seen in the stools. This should normally take between 4 and 6 hours after the start of treatment. Do not use supplemental oxygen.
Contact the Poisons Information Centre on 131126.

27 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:

Half life in soil: >1000 days but biologically active for less than a day or two because it is inactivated very quickly in soil by strong adsorption. Paraquat is rapidly absorbed and inactivated by contact with soil. There is evidence of photodegradation in air.
Half life in water: <1 days when it attaches to sediments in water. 13-161 days in clean water.
It has an EPA classification for soil mobility that ranges from
Ground water contamination: Does not leach. It may move with clay that is eroded in surface runoff but this has little biological consequence.
Accumulation in milk and tissues.
pH stability: Stable
Photolysis rate: 140 days. Slow.
Hydrolysis half life:
Biodegradation rate: Rapid in soils when unadsorbed - < 7days. Negligible after adsorption.

28 REGISTERED CROPS:

See HerbiGuide Species Solution tab.

29 REGISTERED WEEDS:

See HerbiGuide Species Solution tab.

30 REGULATION AND LEGAL:

APVMA number:
UN number: 3016
CAS numbers: Paraquat present as paraquat dichloride 1910-42-5.
Phosphoric acid 7664-38-2.
OPP Chemical Code:
Hazchem code: 2X.
NOHSC classification: Hazardous substance
Land transport:
Dangerous goods class (ADG): Dangerous good. 6.1(b), Packaging Group III. Packaging method 3.8.6.1
Sea transport:
Proper shipping name: BIPYRIDILIUM PESTICIDE, LIQUID, TOXIC, N.O.S. - (Contains Paraquat).
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG):
Class: 6.1.
Packaging group: III
EPG: 6B1
IERG Number 34
Risk phrases:
R24/25 Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R26 Very toxic by inhalation.
R37/38 Irritating to respiratory system and skin.
R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes.
R48/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed.
Safety phrases:
S1/2 Keep locked up and out of reach of children.
S23 Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray
S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water.
S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S38 If insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment.

31 PROPERTIES:

Colour: Dark blue.
Odour: Obnoxious.
Form: Liqiud.
Chemical name:
Empirical formula:
IUPAC
CAS: 1910-42-5.
Water solubility: 620,000 mg/L. Very high.
Oil solubility:
Octanol:Water ratio: LogPow = -4.5 at 20⁰C.
Soil organic carbon absorption coefficient (Koc): 1,000,000 mL/g. >100,000 on cation exchange. Very Strong.
Vapour Pressure: Non volatile. <7.5 x 10^-8 mm Hg at 25 C. <1 x 10^-2 mPa at 25⁰C (paraquat dichloride).
Vapour density:
Dissociation constant: pKa
Melting point: C.
Boiling point: ~100⁰C.
Molecular weight:
Bulk density:
Specific gravity: 1.11.
pH: 5-6.5.
Flammability: Non flammable. Non-combustible.
Flashpoint: C.
Autoignition: C.
Corrosivity: Paraquat is highly corrosive to most metals, e.g. aluminium, zinc and iron.
Shelf Life: at least 2 years.
(When Stored under Ideal Conditions)
Stability: Paraquat is inactivated by adsorption onto clay.
Keep away from strong oxidising agents.

32 SPILLS:

Absorb spill with earth, sand, clay or absorbent material such as vermiculite.

33 FIRE:

Extinguish with water spray, foam, carbon dioxide or dry agent.
Toxic fumes may be released in fire. Wear breathing apparatus or avoid smoke.

34 COMMENTS:

35 REFERENCES:

CropCare(2006). Shirquat MSDS.

Acknowledgments:

Collated by HerbiGuide. For more information see www.herbiguide.com.au or phone 08 98444064.