Reglone

Reglone

1 Trade name	Manufacturer	Form
CONQUEST SANCTION 200 NON-RESIDUAL HERBICIDE	CONQUEST CROP PROTECTION PTY LTD	AC
COUNTRY DIQUAT 200 NON-RESIDUAL HERBICIDE	ACCENSI PTY LTD	AC
DIA-KILL 200 HERBICIDE	SINON AUSTRALIA PTY LIMITED	AC
FARMALINX DIQUAT 200 HERBICIDE	FARMALINX PTY LTD	SL
GENFARM DIQUAT 200 NON-RESIDUAL HERBICIDE	LANDMARK OPERATIONS LIMITED	AC
HYDROGEL D NON-RESIDUAL HERBICIDE	BETTER SAFE PEST & WEED MANAGEMENT PTY. LTD.	AC
IMTRADE DIQUAT 200 NON-RESIDUAL HERBICIDE	IMTRADE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD	AC
KENSO AGCARE DIQUAT 200 HERBICIDE	KENSO CORPORATION (M) SDN. BHD.	SL
REGLONE NON-RESIDUAL HERBICIDE	SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION PTY LIMITED	AC
ROOT OUT SEWER RECONDITIONING AND PROTECTION SYSTEM	LINCOLN SPECIALTY CHEMICALS PTY LTD	AC
TITAN DIQUAT 200 NON-RESIDUAL HERBICIDE	TITAN AG PTY LTD	AC

2 PRICE:

$27.22

3 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Diquat dibromide 200g/L

4 CHEMICAL GROUP: L

Bipyridilium.
Inhibitor of photosynthesis at photosystem 1.

5 RELATED HERBICIDES:

Paraquat 250	Paraquat 250g/L
Reglone	Diquat dibromide 200g/L
SpraySeed 250	Diquat 115g/L + paraquat 135g/L
SpraySeed plus Cultivation	Diquat 115g/L + paraquat 135g/L

6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

A contact, non residual, post emergent, relatively non-selective herbicide.

7 APPLICATION METHODS AND TIPS:

Ensure thorough coverage because diquat is poorly translocated.
Lower rates may be effective when weeds are small and fresh. Higher rates are usually required when weeds are larger or the sward is dense.
Better results may be obtained when application is made in dull weather or at the end of the day.

8 WEATHER:

Rainfast in 30 minutes. Light rain following application doesn't normally affect results.
Frost effects: If plant growth is reduced or plants are damaged then higher rates are required. Frost an hour or more after application has little effect on efficacy.
Wind:
Inversions: Avoid spraying during low level inversions as excessive drift may occur and cause significant spotting on downwind plants.
Temperature:
Delta T and relative humidity: Avoid application when Delta T is greater than
Soil moisture at application: Best results when soil is moist. Rate required for good control increases as plants become water stressed ¹³⁰⁰.

9 ADJUVANTS:

Wetting agents: A wetting agent usually helps retention of the spray on the leaf.
Add 200-250 mL Agral 600 or 100-120 mL BS 1000 or similar non-ionic wetting agent for each 100 L of spray mix. Do not use alkaline or anionic wetting agents.
Spray oils: Can be used if companion herbicide o pesticide requires them.

10 WATER QUALITY:

Hard water: There may be a slight loss of activity due to ionic bonding in very hard water.
Saline water: Diquat tolerates saline water.
Colloids: Significant loss of activity as the amount of clay in the water increases. If it is difficult to see a coin on the bottom of a 10 litre bucket full of water then the water should be cleared or an alternate source found.
pH: Acidic water is usually OK. Highly alkaline water may cause loss of efficacy.

11 COMPATIBILITY:

Trace elements.
Zinc sulphate and copper sulphate are antagonistic with diquat. This is caused by ionic reactions and results in a significant loss of efficacy. Manganese sulphate and calcium carbonate (lime) have lesser effects.

12 EQUIPMENT:

Boom sprays:

Carrier volume: 50-500 L/ha water. Generally 100 L/ha or more is required to give good results on small grasses or on dense swards.
Nozzles: 110 degree flat fan nozzles with double overlap are adequate. Use higher water rates if using air induction nozzles or large droplet sizes.
Recommended Filter Sizes: 50-100 mesh.
Pressure: 150-400 kPa.
Aerial:
Carrier volume: 30-60 L/ha water.

13 SPRAYER DECONTAMINATION:

Clean Up:
Remove filters and clean separately. Triple rinse with water or water plus 0.25% wetting agent and run through boom.
This product is corrosive to metals, particularly galvanised iron and aluminium and should not be left for long periods in tanks or equipment made of these materials.
Decontamination:
Remove filters and clean separately.
Rinse with water and drain.
Quarter fill the tank with an alkali detergent (eg 500 mL or g of Drive, Dynamo, Omo, or Surf per 100 L water) and circulate for at least 15 minutes then run through boom. Rinse twice with water.

14 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE:

Tolerant plants are expected to occur and may dominate the weed population after repeated applications.
Populations of Barley Grass and Silver Grass (Vulpia species) have become resistant to diquat in Australia.

15 REPLANTING INTERVALS:

Crop	Time
All	Less than 1 day.

16 WITHHOLDING PERIODS:

Crop	Type	Time
All	Grazing	1 day.
Asparagus	Harvest	Not required
Beans; Dry	Harvest	Not required
Bean: Faba	Harvest	2 days
Bean; Mung	Harvest	Not required
Canola	Harvest	5 days
Cereals; Winter	Harvest	Not required
Chickpeas	Harvest	2 days
Cotton	Harvest	Not required
Hops	Harvest	Not required
Lentils	Harvest	2 days
Lupins	Harvest	14 days
Oats	Harvest	Not required
Orchards	Harvest	Not required
Pea; Field	Harvest	Not required
Pigeon Pea	Harvest	5 days
Poppies	Harvest	16 days
Potato	Harvest	7 days
Rice	Harvest	5 days
Row crops	Harvest	Not required
Soybean	Harvest	5 days
Sugar Cane	Harvest	5 days
Sunflower	Harvest	5 days
Sweet Potato	Harvest	14 days
Vegetables	Harvest	Not required
Wheat	Harvest	Not required
Other crops	Harvest	Not required when used as directed

Do not use treated water for human consumption, livestock watering or irrigation purposes for 10 days after application.

17 RE-ENTRY PERIOD:

Wear waterproof protective clothing if in contact with the crop before the spray has dried. Dust from processing recently sprayed plants may also need controlling.

18 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:

If inhalation risk of vapour or spray exists wear organic vapour respirator meeting the requirements of AS/NZ 1715 and AS/NZ 1716.
When working with the concentrate, wear overalls, apron, washable hat, elbow-length PVC gloves, face shield or goggles and half-face respirator or disposable respirator.
During application, do not work in spray mist and wear overalls, rubber boots, gloves and a washable hat. When there is a risk of exposure to spray mist wear a face mask or respirator covering nose and mouth and capable of filtering spray droplets. A high efficiency type particulate respirator is recommended, but in any event use a respirator meeting the requirements of AS/NZS 1715 and AS/NZS 1716.
Nose bleeds are an indication of exposure. Review and change operations or protection if this occurs. Some people are very sensitive to the concentrate and should avoid handling it or take extra precautions to reduce exposure.

19 SOIL:

Soil texture, pH and organic matter has little or no effect on performance.

20 MODE OF ACTION:

Contact, post emergent.

Uptake and translocation:

Not significantly translocated because in the presence of sunlight it quickly destroys conductinf tissue. At night or in dull conditions it may passively move through the plant.

Physiological effects:

Oxidises cell walls and quickly dessicates the plant tissue.

Residual Life and Breakdown:

Dissipates very quickly by attaching irreversibly with clay in the soil and water.

Selectivity:

Relatively non-selective. Legumes and grasses may tolerate low doses.

21 SELECTIVITY:

Crop tolerance:

Few growing crops are tolerant tohigh rates. It may be used as a dessicant or harvest aid.

Varietal sensitivities:

Effect on Clover Species:

Burns the leaves of clovers but they usually recover from low rates. It can be used for pasture manipulation.

Effect on Medic Species:

Burns the leaves of medics but they usually recover form low rates.

Effect on Lucerne:

Seedling lucerne is damaged. Established lucerne in relatively tolerant. It burns the leaves of the plant but it usually recovers quickly.

Effect on Native Plants:

Burns the leaves off most native plants. Established perennials usually recover and youn annuals or seedlings usually die.

22 DISEASE AND INSECT EFFECTS:

Not normally a problem unless plants are severely affected.

23 PLANT SYMPTOMS:

Rapid dessication of plant tissue. Symptoms can often be seen within a few hours of application and usually within 1-3 days of spraying. Dead spots are often seen on adjacent plants the have received individual spray droplets as drift.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:

24 TOXICITY:

Summary:

Toxic. Harmful if swallowed.

Details:

Poison schedule: S6.
Mammalian toxicity: Toxic.
Acute oral LD50 male rats = 214 mg/kg, LD50 female rats = 222 mg/kg mg/kg. [For comparison table salt is 3000 mg/kg].
Acute dermal LD50 > 2000 mg/kg (rat).
Skin: Moderate irritant.
Eye: Irritant.
Vapour inhalation: Toxic. LC50 - > mg/L air (rat).
Highly toxic if inhaled. However, unlikely to be hazardous by inhalation because of low vapour pressure of the material at ambient temperature.
Chronic oral toxicity NOEL - mg/kg for two years.
Not carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic (i.e. does not cause cancer or reproductive problems).
NOEL: 5 ppm in the diet (approx. 0.25 mg/kg body weight per day) for the rat in a two year study. For the dog the no effect level was 0.5 mg cation per kg per day in a one year study.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): 0.002 mg/kg/day.

Other Species -

Birds: High toxicity. Oral LD50 for hens is 200-400 mg/kg and for partridge is 295 mg/kg.
Fish: toxicity LC50 96hr (rainbow trout) = 21 mg/L for diquat. LC50 96 hr (mirror carp) = 67 mg/L.
Invertebrates: toxicity.
Bees: toxicity.

25 TOXICITY SYMPTOMS:

Swallowing can result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain within a few hours of swallowing. Ulceration of lips, mouth, throat and intestine may follow within 24-48 hours. Kidney failure and liver damage may occur at higher doses. In severe cases circulatory collapse, coma and death from respiratory failure/cardiac arrest can occur. The lethal dose for man is approximately 4-6 g of diquat (equivalent to approx. 60 mg/kg) or 20-30 mL product.
Contact with skin will result in severe irritation. Can cause inflammation and in severe cases blistering of the skin. Contamination of the nails may cause white spots or cracking and loss of the nail. Normal growth follows without delay. A skin sensitiser. Repeated or prolonged skin contact may lead to allergic contact dermatitis. Absorption of diquat through human skin is poor.
In the eyes it may lead to ulceration of corneal and conjunctival epithelium giving rise to secondary infection.
On inhalation, nose bleeding and soreness of the throat may result from spray mist or dust trapped on the nasal mucosa.

26 FIRST AID:

OBTAIN IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION. SPEED IS ESSENTIAL.
If SWALLOWED: If poisoning occurs get to a doctor of hospital quickly, warning by telephone of the estimated arrival time so that treatment is not delayed. Do not induce vomiting. DO NOT delay the start of treatment.
If in EYES: Immediately irrigate with copious quantities of water for 5 minutes with eyelids hed open, then remove contact lenses if present and irrigate for at least another 15 minutes. Urgently seek medical assistance. Transport to hospital or medical centre.
If on SKIN - Immediately take off all contaminated clothing. Wash skin immediately with water followed by soap and water. If swelling, redness, blistering or irritation occurs seek medical attention. Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse.
If INHALED: Remove victim from exposure. Remove contaminated clothing and loosen remaining clothing. Allow patient to assume most comfortable position and keep warm. Obtain immediate medical attention.
Advice to doctor:
Give up to 1 litre of 15% aqueous suspension of Fuller's Earth orally or via gastric tube, together with a suitable purgative (200mL of a 20% aqueous solution of mannitol). If ingested, wash out the stomach and test urine for the presence of diquat. If there is severe mouth ulceration give nothing by mouth until patient's condition has improved. Give intravenous fluids only.
Eye contact: severe damage may be caused by apparently trivial contact and healing may be delayed. Medical supervision should continue until complete healing has occurred.

27 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:

Half life in soil - >1000 days but rapidly inactivated by attachment to soil particles.
Very rapidly and completely inactivated by soil by a reaction between the double positively charged diquat ions and clay minerals present in soils to form complexes. Diquat cannot be removed from such sites by washing. Most soils have sufficient capacity in the top 2 - 5 cm to bind many hundred times the normal field rates of diquat.
Half life in water - <2 days (attaches to particles and sediments out).
There is evidence of photodegradation in water and plants.
It has an EPA classification for soil mobility that ranges from
Ground water contamination. Does not leach. High likelihood of runoff due to attachment to clay particles but it is inactive in this form and has little biological consequence.
Accumulation in milk and tissues.
pH stability -
Photolysis rate - 74 days.
Hydrolysis half life -
Biodegradation rate - Rapid when unadsorbed < 7days. Negligible after adsorption.
Bioaccumulation in an aquatic species is low.
Diquat is rapidly absorbed and deactivated by soil.
There is no effective mobility in soil or water

28 REGISTERED CROPS: (Button)

29 REGISTERED WEEDS: (Button)

30 REGULATION AND LEGAL:

UN number: 1760.
CAS numbers: 85-00-7.
OPP Chemical Code:
Hazchem code: 2X.
NOHSC classification: Toxic.
Not to be loaded with explosives (class1), dangerous when wet substances (class 4.3), oxidising agents (class 5.1), organic peroxides (class 5.2), radioactive substances (class 7) or food and food packaging in any quantity.
Land transport:
Dangerous goods class (ADG): 8 (corrosive).
Sea transport:
Proper shipping name: CORROSIVE LIQUID N.O.S. (CONTAINS DIQUAT DIBROMIDE)
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG):
Class: 8 (corrosive).
Packaging group: III
EPG: 8A1
Hazard category:
T Toxic
Xi Irritant
Risk phrases:
R-phrases: R20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed
R37 Irritating to respiratory system.
R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact.
R48/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if
Swallowed.
R50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term advserse effects in the aquatic environment.
Safety phrases:
S-phrases: S1/2 Keep locked-up and out of the reach of children
S13 Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs.
S20/321 When using, do not eat, drink or smoke.
S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water.
S35 This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way.
S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S45 In case of accident of if you feel unwell, seek medical advice
immediately (show label where possible).
S60 This material and/or its container must be disposed of as a hazardous
Waste.
S57 Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination.

31 PROPERTIES:

Colour: Dark brown.
Odour: Strong.
Form: Viscous liquid. Aqueous solution.
Chemical name: Diquat dibromide.
Empirical formula:
IUPAC
CAS: 85-00-7.
Water solubility: 718,000 mg/L at 25 C. High.
Oil solubility:
Octanol:Water ratio: LogPow = 4.6.
Soil organic carbon absorption coefficient (Koc): >1,000,000. Very strong.
Vapour Pressure: <10^-5 mmHg at 25 C. Non volatile.
Vapour density:
Dissociation constant: pKa
Melting point: C.
Boiling point: 100⁰C approx.
Molecular weight:
Bulk density:
Specific gravity: 1.20 g/cm³ at 20°C.
pH: 4-5.5 (1% aqueous solution).
Flammability: Non-flammable. Non-combustible.
Flashpoint: Does not flash.
Autoignition: C.
Corrosivity: Corrosive.
Shelf Life: at least 2 years.
(When Stored under Ideal Conditions)

32 SPILLS:

Absorb spill with earth, sand, clay or absorbent material such as vermiculite.
Decontaminate the spill area with detergent and water and rinse with the smallest volume of water practicable.

33 FIRE:

Extinguish with water spray, foam, carbon dioxide or dry agent.
Not combustible, however, following evaporation of the aqueous component, the residual material may burn and on burning will emit toxic fumes.
Wear breathing apparatus or avoid smoke.

34 COMMENTS:

35 REFERENCES:

Syngenta (2005). Reglone MSDS.

Acknowledgments:

Collated by HerbiGuide. For more information see www.herbiguide.com.au or phone 08 98444064.