Topik 240 EC
1 Trade nameManufacturerForm
4FARMERS CLODINAFOP 240 EC SELECTIVE HERBICIDE4 FARMERS PTY LTDEC
CASTRATE SELECTIVE HERBICIDEOSPRAY PTY LTDEC
CURRENT 240 EC SELECTIVE HERBICIDEUNITED PHOSPHORUS LTDEC
DOW AGROSCIENCES TOPIK 240 EC SELECTIVE HERBICIDEDOW AGROSCIENCES AUSTRALIA LIMITEDEC
FARMOZ MANDATE HERBICIDEFARMOZ PTY LIMITEDEC
GENFARM CLODINAFOP 240EC SELECTIVE HERBICIDEGENFARM CROP PROTECTION PTY LTDEC
MATTER 240EC SELECTIVE HERBICIDECROP CARE AUSTRALASIA PTY LTDEC
TOPIK 240 EC SELECTIVE HERBICIDESYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION PTY LIMITEDEC
TREND HERBICIDESIPCAM PACIFIC AUSTRALIA PTY LTDEC

2 PRICE:

$325/L

3 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Clodinafop-propargyl 240g/L

4 CHEMICAL GROUP: A

'Fops' or oxyphenoxy alkanoic acids (aryloxyphenoxypropionate).

5 RELATED HERBICIDES:

Hoegrass, Fusilade, Assure, Verdict, Correct, Fusion, Puma, Wildcat, Targa.
AramoTepraloxydim 200g/L
Butroxydim 250Butroxydim 250g/kg
CheetahDiclofop200+Fenxaprop13.6+Sethoxydim20g/L+mefenpyr
CorrectPropaquizafop 100g/L
Diclofop plus sethoxydimDiclofop 200g/L + sethoxydim 20g/L
Diclofop-methyl 375Diclofop methyl 375g/L
FluazifopFluazifop-p 128g/L
FluazifopFluazifop-p 212g/L or kg
FusionButroxydim 250g/kg + fluazifop 212g/kg
Haloxyfop 130Haloxyfop 130 g/L
MotsaClethodim 200g/L + haloxyfop 50 g/L
Pinoxaden 100Pinoxaden 100g/L
PumaFenoxaprop-p-ethyl 76g/L + mefenpyr 18.8 g/L
QuizalofopQuizalofop-p-ethyl 200g/L
QuizalofopQuizalofop-p-ethyl(or tefuryl) 99.5g/L
SelectClethodim 240g/L
Sertin 186 ECSethoxydim 186g/L
Topik 240 ECClodinafop-propargyl 240g/L
Tralkoxydim 400Tralkoxydim 400g/kg
Tristar AdvanceDiclofop 250g/L + fenoxaprop 13g/L + mefenpyr 7g/L
Verdict 520Haloxyfop 520 g/L
WildcatFenoxaprop-p-ethyl 110g/L


6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

Clodinafop is a selective and translocated herbicide that is absorbed through leaves. Its main use is for controlling annual ryegrass, wild oats and Phalaris species in wheat. Toxicity to mammals and birds is low but it is toxic to fish. In land environments it presents few environmental hazards because of its low mobility in soil, low volatility, low toxicity and quick degradation in soil and water. Plants are likely to become resistant to Clodinafop after repeated applications. Cloquintocet is a safener added to reduce the phytotoxicity of clodinafop on wheat. It has no useful residual action on grass weeds. Residues are undetectable 4 weeks after spraying.

7 APPLICATION METHODS AND TIPS:

Clodinafop is normally applied in water with spraying oils as a post-emergence spray by boom sprays or aircraft. It is most effective when applied to actively growing plants. Plants under drought stress are very difficult to kill with Clodinafop. Grasses in the two leaf stage are more susceptible to Clodinafop than older or younger plants.

Vegetable oils and some mineral oils not designed for herbicides (such as winter oil) should not be used. Uptake, Hasten, D-C-Trate or Spray-Plus are the preferred oils.

Degrades quickly in alkaline water with a half life of a few hours. It is stable in acid water.

Best yields are achieved when weeds are removed from cereals as soon as possible after the 2 leaf stage of the crop.

Best weed control is achieved when grasses are in the 2 leaf stage and are actively growing.

Mixing

One quarter fill tank. Add herbicide to incoming water stream and agitate. Add oils and wetting agent when tank is nearly full and agitate.

When tank mixing, add wettable powders and water dispersible granules first, then flowable or suspension concentrates, then water soluble salts and amines, then emulsifiable concentrates and finally wetting agents and crop oils.

11 COMPATIBILITY:

Hormonal herbicides such as 2,4-D are antagonistic. 2,4-D decreases the conversion to the active acid form, decreases translocation of Clodinafop, increases the rate of detoxification and competes at the fatty acid synthesis level. Plants treated with 2,4-D up to two weeks before or after Clodinafop application may less susceptible to Clodinafop. MCPA antagonism is different and appears to be caused by reactions outside the plant.

Spraying oils and wetting agents improve the absorption of Clodinafop by plants. Vegetable oils and some mineral oils are not compatible with Topik.

In general, use a wetting agent rather than an oil when Topik is tank mixed with broad leaf herbicides and don't tank mix if the target grass is Ryegrass or Phalaris.

Where herbicides are applied separately, apply Topik at the 2 leaf stage then apply the broadleaf herbicide 10 days later (or when the crop is at the right stage).

Trace elements and hard water.

14 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE:

Ryegrass and wild oats that are tolerant to Clodinafop occur naturally at low levels. After four or five annual applications of Clodinafop a significant level Clodinafop tolerance would be expected if no other form of weed control was practiced.

Any paddock that has had 5 or more applications of Group A (fop and dim) herbicides should be tested for resistance before using Topik.

17 RE-ENTRY PERIOD:

Wear protective clothing until the spray has dried.

20 MODE OF ACTION:

Uptake and translocation:

Clodinafop is absorbed through the foliage of nearly all plants. Uptake is assisted by spray oils and wetting agents. Root uptake is minimal. It accumulates in the growing tips which is the site of action.

Physiological effects:

Cell division and elongation are stopped resulting in the stunted appearance of treated plants. Membranes are disrupted giving a 'water soaked' appearance. Fatty acid synthesis is stopped resulting in the death of growing tips, hence leaves of treated grasses can be easily pulled from their sheaths. Plants tolerant to Clodinafop appear to have a different fatty acid synthesis mechanism and degrade Clodinafop more quickly and do not convert as much of the ester to the active acid form. Cloquintocet mexyl is a safener that protects wheat from clodinafop.

Growth of susceptible species stops within 48 hours of application.

Residual Life and Breakdown:

Selectivity:

Selectivity is achieved by the use of the safener in the formulation. Cereals and resistant biotypes break down clodinafop more quickly than susceptible grasses.

PLANT SYMPTOMS

Annual ryegrass and wild oats stop growing within 48 hours of application. The leaves take on a water soaked or oily appearance within a few days. One to three weeks later, leaves loose their green colour and become yellow or redden. They may be easily pulled from their sheaths before dying due to decay at the nodes and growing points. Plants that recover have reduced root systems.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:

24 TOXICITY:

Harmful if swallowed.

Irritates eyes and skin.

Mammalian toxicity - low.

Acute oral LD50 (rat) - 1829 mg/kg for Clodinafop;

>2000 mg/kg for Cloquintocet; 1580 mg/kg for gamma butyrolactone

Acute dermal LD50 (rat)- >2000 mg/kg - Clodinafop

- >2000 mg/kg - Cloquintocet

Vapour inhalation - LC50 - > 2.325 mg/L for Clodinafop; >0.935 mg/L for Cloquintocet

.

Chronic oral toxicity NOEL - ppm for two years.

Not mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic (i.e. does not cause cancer or reproductive problems).

Skin - moderate skin irritant and potential sensitiser (i.e. contact allergenic material).

Eye - strong eye irritant.

Birds - Low

Fish - highly toxic. LC50(96 hr) = 0.4 mg/L Rainbow Trout

Invertebrates (eg. marron) - Slight acute toxicity, high chronic toxicity.

Bees - low toxicity.

Algae - slight to moderate.

Earthworms - practically non toxic

Other - An increase in liver tumours has been found in mice (fed high rates over their lifetime) but not in rats, dogs or primates.

25 TOXICITY SYMPTOMS:

Repeated exposure may cause allergic responses.

26 FIRST AID:

Contact Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26

If Swallowed - Induce vomiting, preferably using Ipecac Syrup (APF) and if more than 15 minutes from medical help.

If in Eyes - Flood with water for at least 15 minutes. See a doctor.

If on Skin - Wash with soap and water.

27 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:

Clodinafop is strongly adsorbed on soils and remains in the upper profile. Its low solubility provides little risk for movement into ground water under normal conditions. The acid breakdown product of Clodinafop has more potential for leaching in sandy soils but is unlikely to be significant because of it rapid breakdown. In soil, microbes break down Topik. Clodinafop with a half life of a few hours and cloquintocet-mexyl has a half life of a few days. In aquatic environments, Topik rapidly hydrolyses to the acid form which is absorbed by the sediment or forms carbon dioxide. Environmental exposure will principally involve the soil because of its water solubility and vapour pressure is low.

Clodinafop is rapidly excreted from animals and does not move into milk or eggs. It is degraded by light in aqueous solution light but is more stable on soil.

It rapidly degrades within the plant and residues in wheat are undetectable 4 weeks after spraying.

Accumulation in soils, bio accumulation and ground water contamination is not expected.

31 PROPERTIES:

Water solubility at 25 oC. - Emulsifiable.

Octanol:Water ratio at 25 oC. - at pH ;

Vapour Pressure - 4.3 ug/m3 (30oC) for clodinafop-propargyl, 2.1 ug/m3 (20oC) for cloquintocet-mexyl.

Dissociation constant - pKa

Melting point - oC.

Molecular weight -

Specific Gravity - 1.16 at 20oC

Half life in water - <1 days at pH >7





Field Crop Herbicide Information (A.J. Chambers):

CLODINAFOP-PROPARGYL

2. Concentration of Active Constituent : 300 g/L clodinafop plus 75 g/L cloquintocet-mexyl safener.

3. Formulation : Emulsifiable concentrate.

4. Poison Schedule : 6

5. Trade Name Topik

6. Colour : Dark amber liquid.

7. Product Flammability : Non flammable liquid. Combustible.

8. Dangerous Goods Class : SC. Not classified as a dangerous good for transport.

Non corrosive.

Low volatility - 4.3 ug/m3 (30c) for clodinafop-propargyl, 2.1 ug/m3 (20c) for cloquintocet-mexyl.

WHO hazard class - III.

Hazchem code - free.

9. Shelf Life : 2-3 years.

10. Mixtures Compatibility :

Only mix with broadleaf herbicides when wild oats is the target grass.

Compatible with; Hoegrass (Diclofop-methyl), Tigrex (Diflufenican + MCPA), Jaguar (Bromoxynil + Diflufenican), Lontrel L (clopyralid), Eclipse (metosulam)

Use 0.1% non ionic wetting agent when mixing with Tigrex or Jaguar.

Slightly antagonistic with Bromoxynil and Bromoxynil + MCPA. Use spraying oil and increase rates in these of Topik mixes.

Incompatible with Ally, Amber Post, Barrel, Diuron, Logran, MCPA amine, MCPA ester, 2,4-D, Dicamba and other phenoxy herbicides. With these herbicides apply Topik first then other herbicide at least ten days later.

11. Registered Crop(s) : Wheat

12. Effect of Soil pH on Herbicide : None

13. Effect of Soil Texture on Herbicide : No effect unless it affects plant growth.

14. Effect of Soil Organic Matter on Herbicide : No effect unless it affects plant growth.

15. Mode of Action : Readily absorbed through the leaf surface and stems. Translocated to meristems. It inhibits ACC enzyme, which is essential for lipid synthesis. Root uptake is minimal. Cloquintocet-mexyl is a safener that prevents phytotoxic effects in wheat. Both products degrade rapidly in soil, so there is no effective residual weed control. Both products degrade rapidly in plants and residues disappear within 4 weeks of treatment.

16. Application Timing : 3 to 6 weeks after sowing, when cereals usually has 2-5 leaves.

17. Rate Variation : 50 - 170 mL/ha depending on weed location..

18. Rates Selection : 70-100 mL/ha for wild oats, 130-170 mL/ha for Annual ryegrass, 130 mL/ha for Paradoxa grass. Use lower rate when weeds in 2-4 leaf stage and growing conditions are good. Use higher rate for weeds up to tillering and when conditions are not ideal. Higher rates are used in northern areas.

20. Effect on Crop : Wheat - crop yellowing may occur in some seasons. Well tolerated in trials on over 60 varieties. Damages barley, oats and triticale.

21. Effect on Clover Species : Not affected.

22. Soil Moisture at Application :

DRY - If weeds are stressed expect lower efficacy.

MOIST - Should result in good control.

WATERLOGGED - If weeds are stressed expect lower efficacy.

23. Frost Effects : Extended frost periods preceding application will reduce weed vigour and therefore weed control. If plants are not damaged by frost then spray after foliage is dry. Frost after application may reduce weed control and greater crop damage may be expected, however, it seems to be more frost tolerant than other products in the same group.

24. Frost Free Days Required After Application : Nil

25. Effect of Application Water Quality on Herbicide :

Saline Water - May cause separation - jar test first.

Soil Colloids - Usually have no effect.

26. Recommended Water Volume : 50-110 L/ha for boom spraying. 20-30 L/ha for aircraft.

For micronair rotary atomisers use a blade angle of 55-65 degrees. Apply in wind speeds less than 18 Km/hr. In calm conditions increase droplet size and decrease flying height.

27. Nozzle Type : Flat fan wide angle (11001 to 110003 or equivalent).

28. Recommended Nozzle Pressure : Boom sprays - 280 - 300 kPa (40.6 - 43.5 psi). Use small droplets ( with more than 50% of droplets in the 150-200 micron range) and aim for a droplet density of approximately 25 - 50 droplets /cm2.

29. Recommended Filter Size : 50, 80 or 100 mesh

30. Recommended Wetter : Use 0.1% non ionic wetting agent if mixed with broadleaf herbicides otherwise use oil as below.

31. Other Additives : Add Ampol D-C-Trate or Caltex Spray Plus (spraying oil)at 1-2% of spray volume. Use at least 500 mL/ha of oil. Alternatively use 0.5% Uptake or Hasten and or at least 250 mL/ha. Don't use vegetable oils.

32. Rain Fastness : Minimum 2 hours.

33. Time Interval Before Effect is Noticed : 7 - 21 days, depending on temperature.

34. Plant Symptoms : Growth stops within 48 hours. Loss of green colour, chlorosis, necrosis and decay at growing points and nodes are visible 1-3 weeks after treatment. Affected plants show yellowish/reddish patches. After 10 - 14 days, plants can be easily pulled from the ground due to cessation of root growth.

35. Effect of Herbicide/Disease Interaction on Crop : Don't apply to disease, insect or nutrient stressed crops. Don't apply to crops that have been sprayed with broadleaf or hormone herbicides within the last ten days. Don't apply hormone herbicides for at least ten days after Topik application.

36. Withholding Period : Not required for harvested grain. Do not cut or graze for stockfeed for 28 days after application.

37. Plant-Back Period :

38. Spray Tank Clean-Up : Rinse with water. Wash nozzles, strainers and filters. Rinse with a detergent such as SURF, OMO or DRIVE at 500g per 100 L water and circulate through system for 15 minutes. Flush thoroughly with clean water. Boom cleaning products can also be used.

39. Other Comments : Total kill is observed with susceptible grasses treated at 1 - 3 leaf stage. Applications at later stages are not encouraged.

Any paddock that has had more than 5 applications of Group A herbicides should be tested for resistance before using Topik. Avoid spraying weeds under stress. This stress can be caused by such things as lack of moisture, too much water, frosts or the effects of pre-emergent herbicides.

It is non persistent in the environment and not expected to accumulate in wild life, ground water or soil.

Topik is a viscous liquid so ensure that it has mixed properly before spraying.

40. Herbicide resistance group: - A

33 REFERENCES:

Label 49344/1297

MSDS 3/95

23/1/97 JM

Clod30.doc

Acknowledgments:

Collated by HerbiGuide. For more information see www.herbiguide.com.au or phone 08 98444064.